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zemstvo stamp
A Zemstvo stamp was a Russian local stamp used widely in rural areas from 1865. It was named after the Zemstvo local administrative districts or uyezds that were created in 1864. The stamps ceased at about the time of the 1917 Russian revolution.
== Background ==
The Russian post in the nineteenth century was a monopoly of the state through the Imperial Post. Most state post offices, however, were in towns, leaving many rural areas a long distance from the nearest post office. The (or Rural post) was introduced in 1864 to fill this gap and at first it operated without official approval.〔Edwards, Fred W. (''Rural Stamps of the Russian Empire'' ) in ''Stamp Collectors' Fortnightly'', September 1910.〕 In 1870 a law was passed formalising the arrangements and which stated that "The Rural post is authorised to carry ordinary correspondence, also journals, circulars, remittances, registered letters, and other mail from the post town, to all more or less distant portions of the district as may be deprived of postal communications."〔Quoted in "Russian unorthodoxy" by Charles & Francis Kiddle, ''Stamp Magazine'', January 2008, pp. 80-81.〕
The law also stated that "The Rural post is authorised to employ special postage stamps on the express understanding that their design differs entirely from those used by the Imperial Post".〔 The postmen were also not allowed to use the post-horn emblem of the Imperial Post on their bags.〔Chuchin, F.G. ''Russia Zemstvos''. Revised edition. Ed. J. Barefoot. York, England: J. Barefoot Ltd., 1988, p.6.〕
The first Zemstvo post was established at Vetluga in 1864 but no stamps were used.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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